Apart from permanent anti-corruption bodies, the state can set up ad-hoc fact-finding commissions to investigate major administrative failures or public disasters.
1. The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952
Under this Act, the Central or State government can appoint a Commission of Inquiry to investigate any definite matter of public importance.
- Powers: The Commission holds the powers of a Civil Court to summon witnesses, inspect documents, and requisition public records.
- Status: The findings and recommendations of a Commission of Inquiry are advisory only. They do not bind the government, and represent a fact-finding report rather than a judicial verdict.
2. Informal Dispute Redressal & ADR
To relieve pressure on courts, administrative authorities encourage:
- Conciliation and Mediation: resolving dispute through structured dialogue, often facilitated by Social Action Groups or legal aid cells.
- Public Inquiries: holding transparent public hearings before major infrastructure or land acquisition projects to encourage public participation in policy-making.