Apart from speech, Article 19(1) guarantees five other essential civil and commercial freedoms designed to protect democratic life.
1. Article 19(1)(b) - Freedom of Assembly
Guarantees the right of citizens to assemble peaceably and without arms. The State can impose reasonable restrictions under Article 19(3) on grounds of public order and the sovereignty and integrity of India.
2. Article 19(1)(c) - Freedom of Association
Guarantees the right to form associations, unions, or co-operative societies. Reasonable restrictions are permitted under Article 19(4) (public order, morality, sovereignty). Note: This does not include a fundamental right to strike or lock-out (Supreme Court in T.K. Rangarajan v. State of Tamil Nadu, 2003).
3. Article 19(1)(d) & 19(1)(e) - Movement & Residence
Guarantees the right to move freely throughout the territory of India, and reside and settle in any part. Reasonable restrictions are permitted under Article 19(5) in the interest of the general public or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribe (e.g. restricting entry into tribal zones to prevent exploitation).
4. Article 19(1)(g) - Freedom of Profession, Trade, or Business
Guarantees the right to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business. Reasonable restrictions can be imposed under Article 19(6) in the interest of the general public, including establishing professional/technical qualifications or creating State Monopolies (the State carrying on trade to the exclusion of citizens).