In addition to homicide, the law penalizes non-fatal bodily harms and restraint of personal liberty.
1. Hurt vs. Grievous Hurt (BNS Sections 115/117)
- Hurt (Section 115): Causing bodily pain, disease, or infirmity.
- Grievous Hurt (Section 117): Heinous bodily injuries strictly classified under 8 categories (emasculation, permanent loss of sight/hearing, fracture, or injuries causing severe pain for 20 days).
2. Wrongful Restraint vs. Wrongful Confinement (BNS Sections 126/127)
- Wrongful Restraint (Section 126): Obstructing a person from proceeding in a specific direction where they have a right to go.
- Wrongful Confinement (Section 127): Restraining a person within circumscribed, absolute boundaries in all directions.
3. Kidnapping & Abduction
Kidnapping is taking a minor away from lawful guardianship or out of India. Abduction is carrying away any person by force, threat, or deceit.